Bursalı İsmail Hakkı (d. 1725) was not only an ʿārif Sufi who committed to writing many subtle truths distilled from his inner heart (gönül) and contemplative world (tefekkür), but also an important commentator (şârih) who authored commentaries (şerh) to facilitate the understanding of the works of earlier masters.
As those versed in the path know, poets and men of letters who are initiated into the mysteries of waḥdat often speak in metaphor (mecâz) while intending the ultimate, inner realities (ḥaqīqat). Bursalı emphasizes that such expressions and poems cannot be properly understood without commentary. For this reason, he turned toward the tradition of şerh literature and produced works explaining certain poems—dense with symbolism (remz) and which may be regarded as “literary şathiyyāt”—as well as Sufi riddles (lügaz) and enigmas (muammâ).
In Turkish literature, a number of şathiyyas, remarkable for their unconventional language, have been subject to various interpretations since the time they were written. In Turkish, the earliest and most famous example is Yûnus Emre’s poem “Çıktım erik dalına.” İsmail Hakkı, in addition to being a Sufi poet and author who composed dozens of works, left behind what amounts to an entire bookshelf in our literary history through his commentaries on şathiyyas. By explicating the symbolic allusions (remizler) of earlier Sufis, he made significant contributions to Sufi culture and thought.
One of the treatises (risâle) authored by İsmail Hakkı is his commentary on a poem by Dukaginzâde Ahmed Bey, one of the sixteenth-century Sufi poets, written under the title Şerh-i Nazm-ı Ahmed.
We have entitled this book “Ot Dibinde Bir Göcen” (“A Hare Beneath the Grass”). In Turkish, göcen means “hare.” We borrowed this phrase from the couplet in the poem:
“Bitmedik ot dibinde doğmadıcak bir göcen /
Benleyüben sıçradı vü âşikâr oldu nihân”
In this verse, the poet likens the human being—who, in the realm of existence, remains veiled from the Truth (Ḥaqq)—to a newborn hare whose eyes have not yet opened. The poem is, in essence, the story of this veiled one (gâfil).
“Read,” it says, “and let sleep depart from your eyes…”




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